Distribution and diversity of alternate hosts of Maruca vitrata Fabricius in three West African countries

Abstract The evolution of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) toxins by insect pests is a major threat technology. However, rate can be slowed with appropriate integrated management (IRM) strategies. Surveys were conducted identify alternate host species for Maruca vitrata (commonly called legume pod borer or that could serve as refuges Pod-Borer Resistant (PBR) cowpea in three West African countries (Ghana, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso). Survey sites included 25 northern Ghana, 44 52 north-central southwestern Faso. Alternate hosts identified from plant belonging Fabaceae family showed signs damage on tissues collected dissected. Larvae found during these dissections reared adult moths laboratory then species. plants including Crotolaria , Sesbania Tephrosia Vigna most frequently encountered among locations. Flowering podding overlapped flowering nearby (~200 m) crop. Abundance wild overlapping patterns crop locations have potential sustain ample numbers susceptible will mate possible resistant deter development. Further quantitative studies, however, are required each location determine if actual production sufficient PBR IRM strategy. If verified, this approach would compatible high dose/refuge strategy includes non- crops refuges.